Genetics and Molecular Biology

Reference: In the S phase of cell division, large telomeres are formed at both ends of each pair (A and B ) of chromosomes before replication. The parts enclosed by telomeres cannot replicate, so the telomere portion of newly replicated DNA molecules (b and a) will inevitably become shorter. If A and B enter one cell, and b and a enter another cell during cell division, this is cell differentiation. If A and b enter one cell, and a and B enter another cell, this is cell transformation. Under the action of telomerase, using long telomeric DNA as a template, short telomeres are copied and lengthen, so the telomeres of chromosomes do not shorten during the transformation process. The division of embryonic stem cells and cancer cells belongs to this situation. The cell transformation that occurs when the nuclear cytoplasm of a cell is in a reduced (hydrophobic) state belongs to the division of embryonic stem cells; The cell transformation that occurs in an oxidized (hydrophilic) state belongs to cancer cell division. The molecular mechanism of boron neutron capture therapy for cancer treatment was also elucidated.