Friedhelm Manfred Jöge was born on 27 September 1943 in Allinghausen, Oberbergischer Kreis, Germany, as the second son of Ewald Jöge and Margarete Jöge (née Haeger). He completed his early education in Marienhagen and Bomig before attending the state advanced high school in Bergneustadt, where he earned his intermediate school leaving certificate. He began his professional journey with training as a chemical laboratory technician at Radium-Elektrizitäts GmbH in Wipperfürth, specializing in tungsten and molybdenum production and analytical monitoring. Due to his excellent performance, he completed his training early and briefly worked with the company before pursuing higher education in chemical engineering at the Nuremberg University of Applied Sciences from 1963 to 1966. From 1966 to 1968, he completed civil service at the Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Krankenanstalten “Bergmannsheil” in Bochum, where he gained valuable experience in biochemistry, clinical chemistry, and medical research, particularly in hormone analysis and enzyme studies. He went on to build a distinguished career in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. From 1968 to 1976, he worked at Bayer AG in Dormagen and Krefeld-Uerdingen, contributing to macromolecular chemistry and polyurethane system development. He later joined the German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Niedersachsen in Springe, focusing on plasma derivatives production. Between 1982 and 1985, he worked at Pharma Hameln GmbH in research and development of infusion and injection solutions, analytical methods, and pharmaceutical formulations. He also contributed to process development at Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH in Biberach an der Riß. In 1997, he worked at the Institute for Solar Energy Research Hamelin (ISFH) in Emmerthal, focusing on silicon surface optimization for solar energy applications. In his personal life, he married Ulrike Antons, a dental technician, in 1977, and welcomed their daughter Andrea in 1978. Throughout his career, Friedhelm Manfred Jöge demonstrated expertise across chemistry, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and renewable energy research.

Theory of Dark EnergyThe present article provides a theory of dark energy that appears to have been developed in two complementary ways. On the one hand, this theory is based on physics and mathematics and, on the other hand, it is developed on the basis of available data. This corresponds to the discoveryof the laws of planetary motion in elliptical planetary orbits by JOHANNES KEPLER in the past. He developed his laws from a large amount of data. Later it was theoretically sustantiated more thoroughly by ISAAK NEWTON. The focus is on deriving a formula for the equivalence of energy and time (1), page 2. Precursors to the presented „Theory of Dark Energy“ were published in the articles [1-11]. The derivation of the formula for the equivalence of energy and time provides new theoretical insights and applications in theoretical terms. These are listed in „Application“ and „Future research fields“ sectors; five applications are listed in Application“ sector. This derivation leads to the discovery of a new law of nature. This is explained in section „Conclusion“.