Associate Professor Ts. Dr. Kamarudin Ambak is an academic and transportation researcher at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia with more than 20 years of experience in teaching, research and professional service. His work focuses on traffic and road safety, road-user behavioural sciences, highway and transportation engineering, sustainable mobility and intelligent transport applications. He previously served as Head of the Smart Driving Research Centre and currently serves as a Principal Researcher. He has led and participated in research on driver behaviour, motorcycle and pedestrian safety, e-hailing, electric-vehicle acceptance, traffic prediction and sustainable infrastructure.

Integrating Motorcycle Safety into Sustainable Mobility: Risky Riding Behaviour at Signalised Intersections on an Upgraded Federal Highway                                                     Abstract: Motorcycles remain an essential and accessible mode of daily mobility in many developing countries, particularly for communities requiring affordable and flexible transportation. However, their contribution to an inclusive and sustainable transport system depends on whether motorcycle mobility can be accommodated safely within increasingly complex and high-speed road environments. This study examines risky riding behaviour, hazard awareness and safety concerns among motorcyclists at signalised intersections along the upgraded divided section of Federal Route F050 between KM 21 and KM 23 in Johor, Malaysia. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey involving 252 motorcyclists was conducted, and the data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank correlation and Chi-square tests. Although 77.8% of respondents recognised that queue jumping increases the likelihood of traffic conflicts, 57.6% reported overtaking other vehicles at signalised intersections either frequently or occasionally. Riders also expressed considerable concern regarding sudden braking during traffic-signal transitions, near-miss incidents and the blind spots of heavy commercial vehicles. The correlation analysis demonstrated that risky manoeuvres and safety concerns were significantly interconnected. Riding experience was significantly associated with greater hazard awareness, whereas age and gender showed no statistically significantrelationships. The findings reveal a persistent gap between safety awareness and actual riding practices, indicating that education alone may be insufficient to address motorcycle risk. Integrating motorcycle-responsive infrastructure, dedicated waiting areas, clearer road markings, targeted enforcement and, where feasible, exclusive motorcycle facilities should therefore form part of sustainable highway and intersection planning. Safer integration of motorcycles can support a more inclusive, resilient and sustainable mobility system in rapidly motorising developing regions.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Keywords: Sustainable mobility, motorcycle safety, risky riding behaviour, signalised intersection, vulnerable road users, transport planning.